Executive Summary and Provider Overview
Quick-Reference Attributes
| Common Names | DEDBROPRO; DedBro; DEDBRO; dedbro.pro |
|---|---|
| Node Type | Bulletproof Hosting Provider |
| Status | Active as a brand and IP lessor; storefront dedbro.pro live behind Cloudflare on 29 October 2026; Carder.su advertising confirmed March 2026. The operator no longer runs its own network: AS203834 and AS47105 have announced nothing since 23 and 26 June 2025, AS203834 and AS59753 have no RIPE object as of 29 October 2026, and the Vault Dweller OU blocks are now routed by third parties under InterLIR lease (see Section 04). [17][20] |
| Entity Registration Jurisdiction | Estonia (EE), Vault Dweller OU (ORG-VDO2-RIPE), current registered address Vesivärava tn 50-201, Tallinn (updated Dec 2025; prior address Majaka tn 26). Sole director and owner: Yehor Minin (Estonian ID 37411190106, b. 19 Nov 1974). Company under deletion notice per Estonian Business Register. Registered as an LIR (Local Internet Registry) under RIPE. Revenue collapsed from €40K (2021) to €1K (2025). [13][16] |
| Infrastructure Hosting Jurisdiction | Bulgaria (BG), assessed primary for documented AS203834 C2 endpoints (195.82.147.x). Multiple additional IP blocks spanning broader European ranges per full RIPE footprint. Estonia (EE), AS registration jurisdiction. [6][7] |
| Operator Location | Yehor Minin identified as sole director and owner of Vault Dweller OU per Estonian Business Register. Physical location unknown; Estonian registration does not confirm residency. [16] |
| Active Period | AS203834 created 2022-07-19; first ThreatFox sighting 2024-10-16; first URLhaus listing 2025-03-18; Carder.su advertisement confirmed March 2026. [1][7][9][2] |
| Primary ASN | AS203834 (dedbropro-as), consumer-facing BPH brand ASN. Additional ASNs under same RIPE maintainer MNT-VLTDWELLER: AS47105 (as-vd, created 2008) and AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS, linked to Zservers/XHOST per Intel 471). [17][18] |
| IPv4 Prefix | Full RIPE footprint: 9 blocks, approximately 4,600 IPs under maintainer MNT-VLTDWELLER. Includes 185.170.144.0/24 (Intel 471: shared Zservers/XHOST abuse contact; Mallox ransomware IOC per Unit 42 2023), four blocks acquired post-Zservers sanctions (Dec 2025 through Jul 2026). See Section 04 for full inventory. [11][12][17][19] |
| Upstream Transit | AS44901, Belcloud (Bulgaria); AS20764, CJSC RASCOM (Russia). [11][14][15] |
| Abuse Contact | abuse@dedbro.pro (RIPE record); @dedbropro (Telegram); xmpp@dedbro.pro (Jabber). [3][2] |
| Billing Platform | cp.dedbro.pro, ISPmanager / billmgr (confirmed via direct site fetch). [3] |
| Sanctions | None, no OFAC, EU, or UK FCDO designations against entity, operator handle, or associated wallets as of June 2026. |
| ThreatFox Standing | 307 IOCs on AS203834 ASN report (all hosted IOCs); 23 tagged DEDBROPRO-AS sightings; first tag 2024-10-16, last tag 2025-05-30. [1][7] |
| Spamhaus SBL Status | Unknown, operator explicitly states "We do not hold Spamhaus" and promises service suspension if SBL is received. Per-prefix SBL/CBL/XBL status was not confirmed in this pass. [2] |
| Prohibited Activities | CIS-region targeting; email spam; DDoS attacks; child and animal sexual abuse material; terrorism. [2] |
| Payment Methods | Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies (explicit); no fiat, card, or legacy e-money confirmed. [2] |
| State Nexus Tier | Tolerated Safe Harbor (Tier 2 of 4), assessed. RIPE maintainer overlap with AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS), which Intel 471 linked directly to sanctioned Zservers/XHOST operator Aleksandr Mishin ("triplex560"), adds structural proximity to a known state-adjacent network but does not alone elevate the tier. No evidence of direct state cooperation or control against Vault Dweller OU specifically. [18] |
Overall Assessment
DEDBROPRO (operating as dedbro.pro, brand handle "DedBro") is a newer bulletproof hosting (BPH) entrant offering dedicated servers, NVMe VPS, and VPN services on an explicitly anonymous and abuse-tolerant basis. The provider's infrastructure is registered under the Estonian company Vault Dweller OU (AS203834, dedbropro-as), with operational address-space activity observed primarily in Bulgaria. As of June 2026, DEDBROPRO is actively advertising to criminal audiences via Carder.su and maintains a public English-language commercial website at dedbro.pro that markets services without KYC requirements and accommodates clients whose "projects might encounter issues or complaints." [2][3]
Abuse telemetry from abuse.ch's ThreatFox identifies 307 indicators of compromise hosted on AS203834 over the trailing twelve months, with confirmed SectopRAT and Remcos remote access trojan (RAT) command-and-control (C2) infrastructure in the 195.82.147.x space, and generic malware distribution (unattributed PE executables) from 195.82.146.34 documented by URLhaus beginning March 2025. Criminal forum advertising on Carder.su (March 2026) explicitly endorses use for "scan, brute force and other projects," placing this provider unambiguously in the bulletproof hosting category rather than the privacy-hosting or grey-area hosting categories. [1][7][8][9][2]
No law enforcement actions, arrests, indictments, seizures, or sanctions designations targeting DEDBROPRO, Vault Dweller OU, or Yehor Minin have been documented as of October 2026. However, RIPE maintainer analysis (October 2026) reveals that Vault Dweller OU controls AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS), a network Intel 471 linked directly to the sanctioned Zservers/XHOST operation, and that the same RIPE portfolio includes 185.170.144.0/24, a block carrying a Mallox ransomware IOC (Unit 42, 2023). The full infrastructure footprint is 3 ASNs and approximately 4,600 IPs across 9 blocks, with 4 blocks acquired after the Zservers sanctions. The primary structural leverage points are: EU entity registration (Estonian company law / CERT-EE); Belcloud (AS44901, Bulgarian upstream, EU jurisdiction); potential secondary sanctions exposure via the AS59753/Zservers link; and the identified director Yehor Minin. [11][13][14][15][17][18]
Lineage and Organizational Heritage
Predecessor and Sibling Analysis
RIPE maintainer inverse lookup (October 2026) reveals that Vault Dweller OU controls AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS) under the same MNT-VLTDWELLER credential. AS59753 was linked by Intel 471 in their February 2025 Zservers/XHOST sanctions analysis as a front network for the sanctioned Zservers operation; the RIPE record for AS59753 lists "James Pippin" as technical contact, a documented alias for Aleksandr Mishin ("triplex560"), the sanctioned Zservers operator. This establishes a shared-infrastructure relationship between Vault Dweller OU and the Zservers/XHOST network. Additionally, AS47105 (as-vd), created 2008-04-28, indicates the Vault Dweller OU entity has been operating IP space for at least 18 years, far longer than AS203834's 2022 creation date suggests. The "DEDBROPRO" brand is a newer consumer-facing identity layered over a much older infrastructure operation. Confidence for the Zservers linkage: Tier 1 CONFIRMED (shared RIPE maintainer and org); Tier 2 CREDIBLE (Intel 471 attribution of AS59753 to Zservers network). [1][11][12][13][17][18]
An earlier version of this profile flagged the attribution of IP 195.82.146.34 to "AS47105" as a likely data error. RIPE maintainer inverse lookup (October 2026) confirms this was incorrect: AS47105 (as-vd) is a legitimate autonomous system registered to ORG-VDO2-RIPE and controlled under the same MNT-VLTDWELLER maintainer credential as AS203834. AS47105 was created 2008-04-28, predating AS203834 by 14 years, and is the oldest ASN in the Vault Dweller OU portfolio. The profile's earlier characterization of AS203834 as the "sole confirmed autonomous system" was in error. The full Vault Dweller OU ASN portfolio is: AS47105 (as-vd), AS203834 (dedbropro-as), and AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS). [17]
Brand Continuity and Entity Structure
| Entity / Brand | Type | Role | Active Window | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEDBROPRO / DedBro / dedbro.pro | BPH brand; commercial website; forum advertising identity | Primary consumer-facing brand; sells directly to criminal end-users via website and chat channels | Website live since at least 2024 (copyright footer "© 2024 DEDBRO.RPO"); Carder.su ad March 2026 | Confirmed |
| Vault Dweller OU | Estonian LLC; RIPE LIR (Local Internet Registry) | Corporate shell holding AS203834 registration; abuse contact entity; RIPE organization ORG-VDO2-RIPE | AS203834 created 2022-07-19; RIPE record last updated 2025-03-13 | Confirmed |
| AS203834 (dedbropro-as) | Autonomous System | Consumer-facing DEDBROPRO brand ASN; upstream via Belcloud (AS44901) and RASCOM (AS20764). Part of a three-ASN portfolio under MNT-VLTDWELLER. | Created 2022-07-19; abuse activity documented from 2024-10-16 onward | Confirmed |
| AS47105 (as-vd) | Autonomous System | Oldest Vault Dweller OU ASN; predates DEDBROPRO brand by 14 years. Announces 195.82.146.0/24 and adjacent ranges. Controlled under same MNT-VLTDWELLER maintainer. | Created 2008-04-28; RIPE record confirmed October 2026 via maintainer inverse lookup. | Confirmed |
| AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS) | Autonomous System | RIPE org ORG-VDO2-RIPE; MNT-VLTDWELLER maintainer; "James Pippin" (Aleksandr Mishin alias) listed as technical contact. Linked to Zservers/XHOST by Intel 471 (Feb 2025). | Controlled by Vault Dweller OU per RIPE. Linked to Zservers/XHOST sanctions (Feb 2025). | Confirmed (RIPE registration); Credible (Zservers operational link per Intel 471) |
Evidentiary Pillars
Confirmed The RIPE database records AS203834 with AS-name "dedbropro-as" and organization "Vault Dweller OU." ThreatFox tags abuse.ch IOCs hosted on this ASN with the label "DEDBROPRO-AS." The Carder.su forum thread links the "DedBro" advertising handle to dedbro.pro, Telegram @dedbropro, and Jabber xmpp@dedbro.pro, all consistent with the dedbro.pro commercial brand. Multiple independent sources converge on this attribution. [1][2][3][5][7]
Confirmed abuse.ch ThreatFox's ASN-level tagging confirms that malware C2 IPs (195.82.147.x) detected by the security community resolve within AS203834 (dedbropro-as). URLhaus host records link IP 195.82.146.34 to malware-serving URLs. Both data sources are independent of the Carder.su and dedbro.pro commercial evidence and reinforce the same infrastructure attribution. [1][7][8][9]
Operator Profiles
Estonian Business Register records identify Yehor Minin (Estonian ID 37411190106, born 19 November 1974) as the sole owner and director of Vault Dweller OU. No sanctions designation, indictment, or criminal charge has been publicly issued against Minin as of October 2026. The RIPE contact record for all Vault Dweller OU objects is APF32-RIPE, listed as "Alexander P. Frei" with email alex@vaultdweller.net (last modified 2025-12-17), this is assessed as a likely operational alias or fictitious identity rather than a genuine name. The forum handle "DedBro" used on Carder.su is attributed to DEDBROPRO but has not been linked to Minin by name in open sources.
2.1 Handle: "DedBro"
| Handle / Aliases | DedBro (Carder.su advertising account); DEDBRO (capitalized brand variant); dedbropro (Telegram handle @dedbropro) |
|---|---|
| Assessed Nationality | Unknown, Estonian entity registration does not imply operator nationality. Russian-language forum advertising on Carder.su is consistent with a Russian or CIS-origin operator but is not determinative. The CIS-exclusion policy (do not target CIS) is consistent with an operator seeking to minimize exposure to domestic law enforcement. |
| Assessed Location | Unknown, no geolocatable signals in open sources. Vault Dweller OU registered in Tallinn, Estonia; physical presence in Estonia is unconfirmed and cannot be inferred from RIPE registration alone. |
| Forum Activity | Carder.su advertising thread, March 2026. Advertising profile categorized as "Guest" (non-member advertiser) on Carder.su. No confirmed activity on Exploit, XSS, WWH-Club, or other major underground forums in open sources for this pass. |
| Current Legal Status | At large, no public arrest, indictment, criminal charges, or sanctions designation. |
| Sanctions Designations | None. |
2.2 Entity: Vault Dweller OU
| Registered Jurisdiction | Estonia (EE), European Union jurisdiction. Under deletion notice per Estonian Business Register as of October 2026. [16] |
|---|---|
| Estonian Registry Code | 14752442, registered 2019-07-01. [16] |
| Sole Director / Owner | Yehor Minin (Estonian ID 37411190106, born 19 November 1974). [16] |
| RIPE Organization ID | ORG-VDO2-RIPE |
| RIPE Maintainer | MNT-VLTDWELLER, created 2014-10-14, last modified 2025-12-05. Controls AS47105, AS203834, AS59753, and all 9 IP blocks. [17] |
| RIPE Contact Handle | APF32-RIPE, listed as "Alexander P. Frei," alex@vaultdweller.net. Last modified 2025-12-17. Assessed as operational alias or fictitious identity. [17] |
| Current Registered Address | Vesivärava tn 50-201, Tallinn, Estonia (updated Dec 2025; prior address Majaka tn 26, 11412 Tallinn). [16] |
| Phone (RIPE record) | +37125479008 |
| Revenue (Estonian filings) | €40,000 (2021) → €1,000 (2025). Collapse consistent with post-exposure wind-down or hidden revenue migration. [16] |
| RIPE LIR Status | Registered Local Internet Registry (LIR), direct RIPE member organization with address space allocation rights. |
| IP Broker | InterLIR (interlir-mnt) appears as mnt-lower on most blocks, standard IP address reseller relationship used for acquiring address space at arms length. [17] |
| Abuse Contact | abuse@dedbro.pro (RIPE and commercial) |
| Sanctions Status | Vault Dweller OU and Yehor Minin: no OFAC, EU, or UK FCDO designations as of October 2026. Note: AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS) in the same RIPE portfolio is linked to sanctioned Zservers/XHOST (Feb 2025); Vault Dweller OU itself is undesignated. [18] |
Disputed Assessments
No major security vendors have published assessments specific to DEDBROPRO as of June 2026. Primary attribution and infrastructure data derive from abuse.ch community feeds (ThreatFox, URLhaus), a researcher disclosure on X (@drb_ra), and direct site and forum analysis. No vendor-to-vendor disagreements exist because no vendors beyond the abuse.ch community have formally assessed this provider in the open. This is an intelligence gap rather than a dispute. Gap: No Formal Vendor Assessments
Operational and Business Model
Service Model
DEDBROPRO operates as a direct-to-criminal bulletproof hosting provider, selling compute infrastructure (dedicated servers, NVMe virtual private servers) and VPN access on an anonymous, no-KYC basis with explicit tolerance for abuse-prone use cases. The service model combines a public English-language commercial website (dedbro.pro) with direct outreach channels (Telegram @dedbropro, Jabber xmpp@dedbro.pro) and criminal forum advertising (Carder.su). The provider's stated value proposition centers on: (1) anonymity ("We do not request KYC, phone number verification, or any other personal identification"), (2) abuse accommodation ("If your project might encounter issues or complaints, please let us know"), (3) DDoS resilience ("Free 500Gbps DDoS Protection"), and (4) round-the-clock human support. [2][3]
The Carder.su advertisement specifies tolerance for "scan, brute force and other projects upon agreement," confirming that the service model explicitly accommodates network scanning, credential brute-forcing, and unspecified additional attack infrastructure, with the euphemism "upon agreement" likely referring to advance disclosure to avoid automated abuse detection by upstream providers. [2]
Verbatim Advertising Copy
"- Scan, brute force and other projects are allowed on the servers upon agreement;"
"- We will select solutions for your tasks;"
"- Round-the-clock support 24/7/365;"
"- We accept bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies."
"Bulletproof dedicated and virtual servers from Bro!"
"How to place an order: You can place an order on the website or directly through our contacts without registration."
"The following is prohibited on servers:
- Work on the CIS;
- E-mail spam;
- DDoS attacks;
- Hosting child and zoo topics;
- Terrorism."
"We do not hold Spamhaus. In case of receiving SBL, the service will be suspended."
"Contacts: Jabber: xmpp@dedbro.pro / Telegram: @dedbropro / Website: dedbro.pro"
"Loyalty, We are dedicated to our clients and always ready to accommodate and find solutions. If your project might encounter issues or complaints, please let us know."
"Anonymously, We do not request KYC, phone number verification, or any other personal identification. Your privacy is our priority."
"24/7/365 Support, Our managers and IT specialists are available to assist with any question at any time."
"Contact us: @dedbropro / abuse@dedbro.pro"
"Abuse report / © 2024 DEDBRO.RPO"
Pricing and Service Tiers
| Product | Entry Price | Specifications | DDoS Protection | Setup Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dedicated Servers | $149 / month | 1 Gbps shared bandwidth; software RAID; virtual KVM console; OS of choice. Example configs: Xeon E3-1241v3 (8x3.90GHz, 8GB RAM, 120GB SSD) to 2x Xeon Platinum 8268 (96x3.90GHz, 512GB RAM, 2TB SSD) | Free 500 Gbps | 2 hours |
| 10 Gbps Dedicated | $300 / month | Dedicated 10 Gbps channel; VLAN included; iLo / IPMI / KVM on request; any OS. Note: this tier appears on the commercial website but was not included in the March 2026 Carder.su advertisement, suggesting it was added or promoted separately. | Not specified | From 6 hours |
| NVMe VPS | $5 / month (Starter) to $80 / month (Pro) | KVM virtualization; 100 Mbps bandwidth; backups on request. Tiers: Starter (1 vCPU / 512MB / 10GB SSD), Micro ($15), Basic ($25 / 2 vCPU / 2GB / 30GB), Standard ($45 / 4 vCPU / 4GB / 50GB), Pro ($80 / 8 vCPU / 8GB / 100GB), Custom from $15. | Free 500 Gbps | 1 minute |
| VPN | $5 / month | Protocols: OpenVPN, Shadowsocks, L2TP/IPsec, TOR VPN. Protocol of customer choice. | Not specified | 1 minute |
| Custom Solutions | Price on request | "We will select a solution for your project and specific task." Suggests willingness to accommodate bespoke criminal infrastructure requirements. | Varies | Varies |
Discounts are offered for ordering three or more services or for prepayment of three months or more. [3]
Onboarding and Client Acquisition
Onboarding is explicitly low-friction: customers may place orders via the commercial website (cp.dedbro.pro running ISPmanager/billmgr) or "directly through our contacts without registration." The no-KYC and no-phone-verification policy is stated twice across the commercial site and the forum advertisement. Contact channels include the Telegram handle @dedbropro (public, indexed) and Jabber XMPP (xmpp@dedbro.pro), the latter providing encrypted messaging for operationally sensitive discussions. This structure mirrors standard BPH onboarding patterns: a public commercial face for discovery, chat-based sales for friction-free provisioning of abuse-tolerant resources. [2][3]
Abuse Handling and LE Posture
DEDBROPRO's stated abuse posture contains an internal tension that is common to BPH operators seeking to maintain partial legitimacy:
- The Carder.su ad explicitly accommodates "scan, brute force and other projects", confirming criminal use tolerance.
- The same ad states "We do not hold Spamhaus. In case of receiving SBL, the service will be suspended", indicating willingness to remove some abusive clients under narrow, blocklist-driven conditions.
- The public website includes an "Abuse report" link and the abuse contact abuse@dedbro.pro, providing cosmetic compliance infrastructure without evidence of meaningful abuse response.
The practical posture, as evidenced by 307 ThreatFox IOCs and sustained malware C2 and distribution hosting from late 2024 through at least May 2025, is abuse-tolerant with selective (and probably rare) enforcement when Spamhaus SBL pressure would threaten the provider's ability to maintain upstream peering relationships. [1][2][3][7]
OPSEC
Operator-level OPSEC indicators: anonymous advertising via forum "Guest" account on Carder.su; Jabber/XMPP contact (encrypted, no phone-linked identity); Telegram (pseudonymous). No Russian-language linguistic slippage visible in available advertising copy. The CIS-exclusion policy functions as a LE-risk management mechanism, reducing the probability of Russian-language victim complaints that could draw domestic attention. Estonian RIPE registration as an LIR adds a layer of apparent legitimacy (recognized regional registry member) while placing the entity in EU jurisdiction where direct law enforcement requests could theoretically be served. [2][3][13]
Technical Capabilities and Infrastructure Footprint
ASN Registration, Full Vault Dweller OU Portfolio
RIPE maintainer inverse lookup (MNT-VLTDWELLER) earlier in October 2026 returned three autonomous systems registered to ORG-VDO2-RIPE. Confirmed Re-run on 29 October 2026 the same lookup returns only AS47105: AS203834 and AS59753 no longer have aut-num objects in the RIPE database (deletion dates are not exposed by RIPE). RIPEstat shows the last announcements by AS203834 (195.82.147.0/24) on 23 June 2025 and by AS47105 (195.82.146.0/24) on 26 June 2025; AS59753 last announced in November 2022. The Estonian register lists Vault Dweller OÜ under a deletion notice [16]. The table below is retained as the historical portfolio. [17][20]
| ASN | AS Name | RIPE Created | Role / Significance | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AS47105 |
as-vd | 2008-04-28 | Oldest VDO ASN; predates DEDBROPRO brand by 14 years. Announced 195.82.146.0/24 until 26 June 2025; unrouted since. The only Vault Dweller ASN still registered on 29 October 2026. An earlier version of this profile incorrectly flagged AS47105 references as data errors; confirmed as legitimate Vault Dweller OU ASN via RIPE. [17] | Confirmed |
AS203834 |
dedbropro-as | 2022-07-19 | Consumer-facing BPH brand ASN. Upstream: Belcloud (AS44901, Bulgaria) and RASCOM (AS20764, Russia). 307 ThreatFox IOCs. Primary focus of original profile. Last prefix announcement 23 June 2025; no RIPE object on 29 October 2026. [11][12][20] | Confirmed |
AS59753 |
XHOSTIS-AS | Unknown; RIPE record present earlier in Oct 2026, absent 29 Oct 2026 | Linked by Intel 471 (Feb 2025) to Zservers/XHOST sanctions network. RIPE technical contact "James Pippin" is a documented alias for Aleksandr Mishin (triplex560), sanctioned Zservers operator. Same ORG-VDO2-RIPE and MNT-VLTDWELLER as DEDBROPRO. [17][18] | Confirmed (RIPE); Credible (Zservers link) |
RIPE Maintainer Detail
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| RIPE Maintainer | MNT-VLTDWELLER | [17] |
| Organization | Vault Dweller OU (ORG-VDO2-RIPE) | [13][17] |
| Maintainer Created | 2014-10-14 | [17] |
| Maintainer Last Modified | 2025-12-05 (post-Zservers sanctions, post-Intel 471 exposure) | [17] |
| RIPE Contact | APF32-RIPE ("Alexander P. Frei," alex@vaultdweller.net), last modified 2025-12-17. Assessed fictitious/operational alias. | [17] |
| IP Acquisition Method | InterLIR (interlir-mnt) listed as mnt-lower on most blocks, IP address broker used for arms-length acquisition. | [17] |
| Abuse Contact | abuse@dedbro.pro | [5] |
| RIPE LIR Status | Registered LIR with direct allocation rights | [13] |
IP Ranges and Geolocation, Full RIPE Footprint
RIPE maintainer inverse lookup (MNT-VLTDWELLER, October 2026) reveals a total footprint of 9 IP blocks covering approximately 4,600 addresses. Four blocks were acquired after the Zservers/XHOST sanctions (February 2025), indicating active reconstitution. [17]
Confirmed Who routes the space (29 October 2026). None of the nine blocks is announced by a Vault Dweller ASN. The allocations carry mnt-lower and mnt-routes delegated to the IP broker InterLIR (interlir-mnt), and the route objects are InterLIR-maintained: 185.170.144.0/24 is announced by AS50053 (VDSKA-AS, Anton Levin; route object 17 April 2026), 185.73.125.0/24 by AS203545 (Nerzen Bilisim Teknolojileri, Turkey), and 91.236.186.0/24 by AS57043 HOSTKEY B.V. (Netherlands), the provider at which the sanctioned ZServers operator Mishin held his reseller account. 195.82.146.0/23, 185.73.124.0/22, 185.70.220.0/22 and 5.145.176.0/23 are not announced. Analyst Inference Vault Dweller OU has shifted from operating a bulletproof network to leasing address space through a broker while the DEDBROPRO storefront continues to sell servers; the brand's hosting is therefore now delivered on other operators' ASNs, and the Hostkey routing of a Vault Dweller block is a second structural link to the ZServers upstream chain. Each lessee ASN inherits the abuse history of the block. [20]
| Block | Size | Status | RIPE Created | Intelligence Significance | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
185.170.144.0/24 |
256 IPs | ALLOCATED PA | 2020-01-13 | Intel 471 identified this block's abuse contact as shared with Zservers/XHOST (Feb 2025). IP 185.170.144.153 listed as Mallox ransomware IOC by Palo Alto Unit 42 (Jul 2023). Last prefix ever announced by ZServers' AS197414 (4 Dec 2025); since 17 April 2026 announced by AS50053 under InterLIR lease. [18][19][20] | Confirmed |
185.73.124.0/22 |
1,024 IPs | ALLOCATED PA | 2020-03-13 | Parent block. Sub-allocated to clients Dec 2025 (post-sanctions), confirming active leasing operations. [17] | Confirmed |
185.73.125.0/24 |
256 IPs | SUB-ALLOCATED PA | 2025-12-24 | Post-sanctions sub-allocation from 185.73.124.0/22. Active client leasing confirmed: announced by AS203545 (Turkey) on 29 October 2026. Created after both Zservers sanctions (Feb 2025) and Intel 471 exposure (Mar 2025). [17][20] | Confirmed |
185.73.126.0/23 |
512 IPs | SUB-ALLOCATED PA | 2025-12-24 | Post-sanctions sub-allocation from 185.73.124.0/22. Active client leasing confirmed. [17] | Confirmed |
195.82.146.0/23 |
512 IPs | ALLOCATED PA | 2025-12-24 | Parent block encompassing documented DEDBROPRO space (195.82.146.0/24 and 195.82.147.0/24). RIPE record created Dec 2025; clarifies earlier ambiguity about 195.82.147.x allocation status. Malware distribution (195.82.146.34) and RAT C2 (195.82.147.132, 195.82.147.97) documented within this block. [1][7][8][9][17] | Confirmed |
91.236.186.0/24 |
256 IPs | ALLOCATED PA | 2026-03-25 | New post-sanctions block. No public IOC data identified as of October 2026. Announced by HOSTKEY B.V. (AS57043) on 29 October 2026 under InterLIR lease. [17][20] | Confirmed (RIPE); no malicious activity documented |
5.145.176.0/23 |
512 IPs | ALLOCATED PA | 2026-05-26 | New post-sanctions block. No public IOC data identified as of October 2026. [17] | Confirmed (RIPE); no malicious activity documented |
185.70.220.0/22 |
1,024 IPs | ALLOCATED PA | 2026-07-30 | Newest block; acquired approximately 3 months before this profile update. No public IOC data identified. Largest of the post-sanctions acquisitions. [17] | Confirmed (RIPE); no malicious activity documented |
Reconstitution signal: Four blocks (91.236.186.0/24, 5.145.176.0/23, 185.70.220.0/22, and sub-allocations under 185.73.124.0/22) were registered after the February 2025 Zservers/XHOST sanctions and the March 2025 Intel 471 exposure. The most recent block was acquired July 2026, 17 months post-sanctions. This pattern indicates the operator is actively expanding capacity rather than winding down. Analyst Inference
Data Center Footprint
DEDBROPRO's marketing claims "high-quality equipment located in the world's leading data centers" and offers hardware configurations consistent with a dedicated server reseller or colo customer rather than a facility owner. IP geolocation data (Bulgarian geolocations for C2 IPs) is consistent with the Belcloud (AS44901) upstream peering, which is a Bulgarian transit provider. No specific facility names or addresses in Bulgaria or Estonia are documented in open sources. Given the single /24 address block and startup-scale pricing structure, DEDBROPRO almost certainly leases rack space or individual server units from one or more wholesale providers rather than owning physical data center infrastructure. [3][6][11]
Upstream Transit Provider Chain
AS203834 (dedbropro-as) peered with two upstream transit providers while it was routed (to June 2025), confirmed via BGP data: [11][14][15]
| ASN | Name | Country | Tier | Notable Upstreams | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AS44901 |
Belcloud | Bulgaria (BG), EU | Regional transit / IP transit provider | Seabone (AS6762), Hurricane Electric (AS6939), Telefonica (AS12956), Level3/Lumen (AS3356), GTT (AS3257) | Primary IP transit path; Bulgarian routing consistent with IP geolocation data for DEDBROPRO addresses. Belcloud is a mid-tier Eastern European transit provider with connections to major Tier-1 carriers. EU jurisdiction creates potential de-peering leverage. |
AS20764 |
CJSC RASCOM | Russia (RU) | Russian ISP / transit provider | Cogent (AS174), Level3/Lumen (AS3356), Beeline/VimpelCom (AS3216), MTS (AS8359), TTK (AS20485), Rostelecom (AS12389) | Russian upstream path for AS203834. RASCOM is a legitimate Russian commercial ISP; its presence as a DEDBROPRO upstream is notable in that it routes DEDBROPRO through Russian network infrastructure despite the Estonian entity registration. RASCOM provides global connectivity to many clients and its routing of DEDBROPRO does not by itself indicate state coordination. See Section 07 for nexus assessment. |
No documented de-peering events against AS203834 were identified in this research pass. No BGP community posts, network operator mailing list (NANOG, RIPE NCC) discussions, or news reports citing upstream action against DEDBROPRO were found. This may reflect the provider's relatively low profile relative to larger BPH operations, or insufficient time depth given the AS was created in 2022. Absence of documented de-peering is explicitly noted here per schema requirements; it should not be interpreted as evidence that no complaints have been filed with Belcloud or RASCOM.
Resilience Techniques
DEDBROPRO's resilience posture, as evidenced by the available data, relies primarily on: (1) DDoS mitigation (500 Gbps claimed, likely via upstream scrubbing or a commercial DDoS protection service); (2) moderately persistent IP allocations (SectopRAT and Remcos C2 endpoints documented over multiple months rather than hours, suggesting slow-burn resilience rather than fast-flux techniques); and (3) a consolidated ASN and addressing structure that allows the operator to re-provision customer services within the same IP space when individual IPs are burned. No fast-flux DNS, domain generation algorithms, or Tor-based resilience mechanisms are documented for the DEDBROPRO platform itself, though individual criminal clients may use such techniques independently. [2][3][7][8]
Hosted Activity Types
| Activity Type | Documented Indicator | Source | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| SectopRAT (ArechClient) C2 | 195.82.147.132:15747, ThreatFox IOC #1520971, tagged botnet_cc, confidence HIGH, first seen 2025-05-13, AS203834 | abuse.ch ThreatFox [8][7][1] | Confirmed |
| Remcos RAT C2 | 195.82.147.97:443, ThreatFox tag DEDBROPRO-AS, Remcos, tagged "unverified"; disclosed by @drb_ra on X, May 2025; Bulgaria geolocation | abuse.ch ThreatFox [7]; @drb_ra [6] | Credible Note: Unverified tag in ThreatFox |
| Generic malware distribution | 195.82.146.34, URLhaus host, serving URLs https://195.82.146.34/888.exe and https://195.82.146.34/AMA.exe; first seen 2025-03-18 | abuse.ch URLhaus [9] | Confirmed (family not attributed in available data) |
| Network scanning and brute force | Operator-stated policy: "Scan, brute force and other projects are allowed on the servers upon agreement" | Carder.su advertisement [2] | Analyst Inference (policy implies hosting; no specific scanning source IPs documented) |
Blocklist Standing
| Blocklist | Status | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| ThreatFox (abuse.ch) | Listed | 307 IOCs on AS203834 ASN report (all IOCs with IPs hosted on this AS); 23 tagged sightings under DEDBROPRO-AS tag; first seen 2024-10-16, last seen 2025-05-30. Malware families: SectopRAT, Remcos. [1][7] |
| URLhaus (abuse.ch) | Listed | Host 195.82.146.34 documented serving malware URLs; first seen 2025-03-18. [9] |
| Spamhaus SBL / CBL / XBL / PBL | Unknown | Operator explicitly states "We do not hold Spamhaus. In case of receiving SBL, the service will be suspended", indicating awareness of SBL exposure risk and a policy of selective ejection of SBL-triggering clients. Per-prefix SBL/CBL/XBL/PBL listing status was not confirmed via direct dataset query in this pass. This is an open item. [2] |
| Spamhaus DROP / EDROP | Unknown | AS203834 does not appear on the Spamhaus Don't Route or Peer (DROP) ASN list in available data; however, DROP inclusion is not routinely confirmed without direct query. No DROP listing found in this pass. |
| FireHOL Level 1 / Level 2 | Unknown / Probable | No direct FireHOL reference to AS203834 found in this pass. Given the abuse.ch telemetry volume and nature, inclusion in FireHOL level 2 or higher is probable but unconfirmed. |
| Feodo Tracker (abuse.ch) | Not Confirmed | No Feodo Tracker entries (banking trojans / botnets: Emotet, QakBot, IcedID, TrickBot, Dridex) specifically linked to AS203834 were found in this pass. The documented RAT families (SectopRAT, Remcos) are tracked via ThreatFox rather than Feodo Tracker. |
| MalwareBazaar (abuse.ch) | Not Confirmed | No MalwareBazaar samples explicitly linked to DEDBROPRO-AS were found in this pass. The generic PE executables served from 195.82.146.34 (888.exe, AMA.exe) may be indexed but family and MalwareBazaar status were not confirmed. |
Known Weaknesses and Single Points of Failure
- RIPE maintainer as single control point: All three ASNs and all nine IP blocks are controlled under one maintainer credential (MNT-VLTDWELLER). A successful compromise or revocation of this credential would destabilize the entire Vault Dweller OU portfolio simultaneously. [17]
- Documented Zservers/XHOST link: AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS) in the same portfolio is directly named in Intel 471's analysis of the sanctioned Zservers network. This creates potential secondary sanctions exposure for Vault Dweller OU and Yehor Minin under OFAC's network-based designation authority. [18]
- EU-registered entity with identified owner: Vault Dweller OU is an Estonian company under deletion notice, with Yehor Minin on record as sole director. This makes the entity and its director accessible to Estonian company law, CERT-EE referral, and EU-member-state law enforcement coordination. [13][16]
- Belcloud upstream (EU jurisdiction): AS44901 (Belcloud, Bulgaria) is the primary IP transit path. EU-based coordinated abuse reports through CERT-EE or CERT-BG could support a de-peering request against AS203834 specifically, without requiring action against the full portfolio.
- 185.170.144.0/24 Intel 471 linkage: This block's connection to the Zservers/XHOST network via shared abuse contact (Intel 471) and the Mallox ransomware IOC (Unit 42) makes it the highest-profile leverage point in the portfolio for law enforcement and network operators seeking to target documented abuse. [18][19]
- ISPmanager billing panel exposed: cp.dedbro.pro is a publicly accessible billing panel (ISPmanager/billmgr); legal or investigative access would expose customer records, payment data, and provisioned server inventory.
- Known abuse contact: abuse@dedbro.pro is documented in RIPE records. Coordinated abuse reporting combined with upstream provider complaints is a low-cost disruption vector.
Financial Infrastructure
Payment Methods
DEDBROPRO explicitly accepts "bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies" per the Carder.su advertisement. No fiat payment methods (credit card, bank transfer), legacy e-money services (WebMoney, QIWI, Payeer), or mainstream payment processors are mentioned in available advertising or on the commercial website. The exclusive use of cryptocurrency is standard for BPH operations targeting criminal clientele, as it reduces KYC exposure for both provider and client and makes payment tracing more complex. [2]
The billing platform at cp.dedbro.pro (ISPmanager/billmgr) confirms automated invoicing infrastructure; the payment integration within billmgr for cryptocurrency typically uses third-party payment gateways (common examples include CoinPayments or NOW Payments in the CIS BPH space). No specific payment gateway has been identified for DEDBROPRO. [3]
Wallet Clusters and On-Chain Analysis
No publicly documented Bitcoin or cryptocurrency wallet addresses are specifically linked to DEDBROPRO, dedbro.pro, Vault Dweller OU, or the handle "DedBro" in available open sources. No publications from TRM Labs, Chainalysis, Elliptic, or Crystal Blockchain addressing DEDBROPRO on-chain activity were identified in this research pass.
Analyst Inference Typical BPH acquisition-layering-extraction patterns would suggest: direct BTC receipt from criminal clients to a provider-controlled address cluster (acquisition); movement through one or more hops using peer-to-peer exchanges, mixing services, or chain-hopping (layering); and conversion to fiat via OTC brokers or regulated exchange with lax controls (extraction). This pattern is speculative and not supported by direct evidence for DEDBROPRO specifically.
Sanctions and Risk Ratings
No sanctions designations have been imposed against DEDBROPRO, Vault Dweller OU, or the "DedBro" handle by any of the following as of June 2026: OFAC (U.S. Treasury SDN List), EU Official Journal (EU Consolidated Sanctions List), UK FCDO (UK Consolidated List), or any other national sanctions authority reviewed in this pass. The provider is de-facto high-risk for any counterparty (based on documented malware hosting and explicit criminal marketing) but is de-jure undesignated. No high-risk VASP classifications from FATF-aligned bodies or national financial intelligence units were identified. Financial risk is inferred from operational evidence; formal designation does not exist.
Client Profile and Hosted Operations
Crimeware Verticals by Evidence Tier
| Vertical | Evidence | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| RAT / Botnet C2 (SectopRAT) | 195.82.147.132:15747 flagged botnet_cc, SectopRAT, high confidence, ThreatFox IOC #1520971, first seen 2025-05-13 | Confirmed |
| RAT / Botnet C2 (Remcos) | 195.82.147.97:443, ThreatFox tag DEDBROPRO-AS with Remcos label; corroborated by @drb_ra on X (May 2025); ThreatFox status: "unverified" | Credible Unverified in ThreatFox |
| Malware Distribution (generic PE) | 195.82.146.34 serving 888.exe and AMA.exe via HTTP, URLhaus, first seen 2025-03-18. Family not attributed in available data. | Confirmed (family unknown) |
| Network scanning / brute force | Explicitly stated in operator advertising as permitted "upon agreement" | Analyst Inference (policy implies hosting; no source IPs documented) |
| Ransomware infrastructure | No ransomware groups, affiliates, or leak sites linked to DEDBROPRO in available open sources | Not confirmed |
| Carding / fraud shops | No carding infrastructure documented on DEDBROPRO IPs in this pass despite Carder.su marketing channel | Not confirmed |
| DDoS-for-hire panels | Not documented; DDoS attacks against others are explicitly prohibited in operator terms | Not confirmed |
Client Geography and Target Profile
DEDBROPRO's CIS-exclusion policy ("Work on the CIS" is prohibited) has two practical implications: (1) it excludes victims in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and other CIS states, and (2) it signals the provider's likely target audience as CIS-based criminal operators who wish to avoid triggering domestic law enforcement scrutiny by harming their own constituencies. This pattern is consistent with the broader BPH norm in the CIS criminal ecosystem, where providers operating with Russian-language forums and Russian-origin operators routinely prohibit CIS-targeting to maintain a low-profile relationship with local authorities. [2]
The Carder.su advertising channel targets a Russian-language fraud and carding community. The confirmed RAT families (SectopRAT, Remcos) are general-purpose commodity RATs used across a wide range of criminal operations globally rather than being attributable to a specific nationality or criminal group.
Notable Hosted Cases
No law enforcement press releases, court documents, or major vendor case studies naming DEDBROPRO in connection with a specific criminal operation or high-profile incident have been identified in available open sources as of June 2026. Current documented evidence is limited to abuse.ch feed telemetry and a single researcher disclosure on X. This reflects the provider's relatively recent operational history and comparatively low profile relative to larger BPH operators with years of documented client activity. Intelligence Gap: No Named Client Cases
State Nexus Assessment
State Nexus Tier Assessment
DEDBROPRO is assessed at Tier 2 (Tolerated Safe Harbor): the provider operates with apparent practical impunity across multiple jurisdictions without evidence of active enforcement or takedown, which is consistent with a degree of passive official tolerance. However, there is no positive evidence of state tasking, coordination, or explicit protection, which would be required to assess Tier 3 (Probable Cooperation) or Tier 4 (Direct Control). The assessment is based on operational persistence rather than any documented state relationship.
Evidence Supporting Tolerated Safe Harbor Assessment
- AS203834 has operated with documented abuse (RAT C2, malware distribution) from at least October 2024 through May 2025 without any documented enforcement action by Estonian authorities, Bulgarian CERT, upstream providers, or RIPE NCC. [1][7][8][9]
- The dual-upstream structure (Belcloud / Bulgaria; RASCOM / Russia) routes DEDBROPRO through Russian network infrastructure despite Estonian entity registration. RASCOM (AS20764) serves many legitimate clients; its presence as upstream for DEDBROPRO does not alone establish state coordination but warrants monitoring.
- AS59753 (XHOSTIS-AS), registered to ORG-VDO2-RIPE under the same MNT-VLTDWELLER credential as DEDBROPRO, was identified by Intel 471 as a Zservers/XHOST front network. Zservers/XHOST is assessed by the U.S. Treasury as operating with Russian state toleration; structural proximity to that network via shared RIPE infrastructure is a meaningful nexus indicator even in the absence of direct evidence of Vault Dweller OU's state relationship. Credible [18]
- CIS-exclusion policy is consistent with an operator seeking to avoid triggering CIS-region law enforcement, a standard self-protective measure for CIS-origin operators rather than a signal of active state direction.
- Vault Dweller OU acquired four new IP blocks after the Zservers sanctions (February 2025) and the Intel 471 exposure (March 2025), with no observed enforcement response. Continued expansion under scrutiny without disruption is consistent with passive tolerance. [17]
Negative Evidence (Expected Indicators Absent)
The following indicators that would be expected if a higher-tier nexus existed are not present in available open sources:
- No documented selective protection by Russian or Estonian authorities following formal abuse complaints.
- No state-aligned APT infrastructure (e.g., GRU/SVR/FSB-attributed tooling) documented on DEDBROPRO. All observed activity is commodity crimeware (SectopRAT, Remcos), which is not characteristic of state-directed operations.
- No whistleblower reports, leaked communications, or vendor assessments asserting state coordination.
- No politically sensitive clients (e.g., hacktivism, influence operations, election interference infrastructure) identified on DEDBROPRO in open sources.
- No court filings or sanctions packages that would reveal state-protection relationships.
RASCOM Upstream: Significance and Limitations
Analyst Inference The presence of RASCOM (AS20764, Russia) as one of two upstream transit providers for AS203834 is notable. RASCOM provides connectivity to Cogent, Level3, Beeline, MTS, TTK, and Rostelecom, meaning DEDBROPRO traffic routes through Russian network infrastructure on the RASCOM path. This creates a technical visibility opportunity for Russian intelligence services that would not exist for a purely EU-routed provider. However, RASCOM serves thousands of legitimate commercial clients, and routing through Russian infrastructure is common for Eastern European providers with Russian commercial relationships. This indicator alone is insufficient to elevate the state nexus assessment above Tolerated Safe Harbor. It should be documented as a monitoring flag.
Law Enforcement and Regulatory Response
Documented LE and Regulatory Actions
No law enforcement arrests, indictments, criminal charges, civil actions, infrastructure seizures, domain takedowns, or sanctions designations specifically targeting DEDBROPRO, dedbro.pro, Vault Dweller OU, AS203834, or the "DedBro" handle have been documented in open sources as of June 2026. The provider appears to be fully operational across all documented channels (website, billing panel, Telegram, criminal forum advertising) with no disruption indicators observed. Gap: No LE Actions Documented
Post-Disruption Client Migration
Not applicable as of June 2026, no disruption events have occurred.
Regulatory Leverage Points
Analyst Inference The following regulatory and network-level leverage points are available to investigators or network defenders, in approximate order of accessibility:
- RIPE NCC abuse process: Vault Dweller OU holds LIR status under RIPE. Documented and repeated abuse without response to abuse@dedbro.pro could support a RIPE member-conduct complaint, though RIPE does not directly revoke allocations for abuse.
- Estonian company law / CERT-EE: Vault Dweller OU is an Estonian company subject to Estonian law. CERT-EE referral of abuse complaints to Estonian police and the Estonian Data Protection Authority represents a legitimate pathway. Estonian membership in EUROPOL and EU law enforcement cooperation frameworks may enable international case coordination.
- Belcloud (AS44901) de-peering: A coordinated campaign of abuse reports from national CERTs (CERT-EE, CERT-BG) and major security vendors directed at Belcloud could support a de-peering request under Belcloud's acceptable use policy. Loss of Belcloud as upstream would force DEDBROPRO to route exclusively via RASCOM, degrading connectivity quality and increasing its dependency on Russian infrastructure.
- OFAC sanctions designation: If sufficient financial flow evidence (wallet addresses, transaction clusters) linking DEDBROPRO to U.S.-nexus crimes is developed, an OFAC SDN designation of Vault Dweller OU is possible under existing cybercrime-related Executive Orders.
Connected Groups and Ecosystem Relationships
The following connected entity assessments apply two independent confidence tiers per the schema requirement. Every claim includes both Tier 1 (infrastructure relationship: did this BPH host their infrastructure?) and Tier 2 (operational relationship: did the BPH operator know the client identity or coordinate operationally?) assessed independently.
Entities with No Formal Assessment
The following security vendors and organizations have not published formal assessments of DEDBROPRO as of June 2026: Recorded Future, Mandiant (Google), CrowdStrike, Secureworks, Proofpoint, Microsoft MSTIC, Palo Alto Unit 42, Cisco Talos, Trend Micro, ESET, Kaspersky (public reporting), F-Secure/WithSecure, Group-IB, Team Cymru, SilentPush, DomainTools. This reflects the provider's relatively recent and lower-profile operational footprint compared to larger BPH operators that have attracted formal research attention.
Trajectory Assessment
Infrastructure Churn
Infrastructure churn is assessed as MODERATE and increasing. The consumer-facing DEDBROPRO brand (AS203834, Carder.su advertising, dedbro.pro) has maintained stable contact details and channel identity since at least 2024. However, the operator has acquired four new IP blocks since the Zservers/XHOST sanctions (February 2025), an acquisition rate of approximately one block every four months through July 2026. The RIPE maintainer record (MNT-VLTDWELLER) and RIPE person contact (APF32-RIPE) were both modified in December 2025, and the Vault Dweller OU registered address was updated simultaneously (from Majaka tn 26 to Vesivärava tn 50-201), consistent with post-exposure housekeeping. C2 infrastructure within AS203834 showed multi-month persistence (ThreatFox first sighting 2024-10-16, last 2025-05-30), indicating slow-burn rather than fast-flux client hosting. [1][2][7][17]
Market Position
DEDBROPRO's consumer-facing brand occupies the entry-level to mid-tier BPH segment. However, the full Vault Dweller OU portfolio (3 ASNs, ~4,600 IPs) is substantially larger than the DEDBROPRO brand alone suggests and is comparable in scale to several named mid-tier BPH operators. Structural proximity to Zservers/XHOST via shared RIPE infrastructure (AS59753, 185.170.144.0/24) positions Vault Dweller OU within a broader CIS BPH network rather than as a fully independent market entrant. The DEDBROPRO consumer brand remains the visible face; the underlying infrastructure operator (Vault Dweller OU / Yehor Minin) has operated IP space since at least 2008. [2][3][17]
Disruption History
No direct disruption events against DEDBROPRO, Vault Dweller OU, or Yehor Minin as of October 2026. However, the Zservers/XHOST sanctions (February 2025) and Intel 471 exposure (March 2025) targeted infrastructure overlapping with Vault Dweller OU's portfolio (AS59753, 185.170.144.0/24 shared abuse contact). The operator responded with RIPE record modifications in December 2025 and a registered address change, suggesting awareness of the exposure, followed by continued IP acquisition through July 2026. These are post-disruption-adjacent reconstitution signals rather than direct disruption of Vault Dweller OU itself. [17][18]
Trajectory Direction
Vault Dweller OU / DEDBROPRO is assessed as active and expanding despite structural proximity to a sanctioned network, with a change of form: since June 2025 the operator announces no prefixes itself, two of its three ASNs have been deleted from RIPE, and its blocks are routed by lessees via InterLIR (including Hostkey). The brand continues to sell. Key indicators: four new IP blocks acquired February 2025 through July 2026; sustained criminal forum advertising through March 2026; live website and billing platform (June 2026); RIPE record modifications and address change consistent with post-exposure housekeeping (December 2025); Vault Dweller OU director Yehor Minin on record but undesignated. The trajectory absent intervention is continued operation with incremental IP portfolio growth and possible increased criminal client volume as DEDBROPRO advertising reach expands.
Mandatory Intelligence Gaps
Minin is identified as Vault Dweller OU's sole director per the Estonian Business Register (ID 37411190106, b. 19 Nov 1974). His nationality, physical location, criminal forum handles, and sanctions exposure are unconfirmed in open sources. Confirming these details is the highest-priority gap for any LE or sanctions action.
The structural link between Vault Dweller OU (AS59753, 185.170.144.0/24) and Zservers/XHOST is established via RIPE and Intel 471. Whether Yehor Minin had a direct business or personal relationship with Aleksandr Mishin ("triplex560") or the Zservers network is not confirmed. Forum post history, communications, or financial flows between the two operators would resolve this gap.
No public IOC data identified for these three blocks as of October 2026. These should be re-queried against ThreatFox, URLhaus, and AbuseIPDB in 3-6 months. Whether they are being populated with malicious infrastructure is currently unknown.
Only one IOC (185.170.144.153, Mallox, Unit 42 2023) is documented. Full threat history for this block, which is the block Intel 471 linked to Zservers/XHOST, has not been audited in this pass. The block may carry additional undocumented IOCs predating the Mallox assessment or after it.
AS59753's IP ranges, announced prefixes, hosted activity, and client roster have not been documented in this profile. Intel 471's linkage to Zservers/XHOST makes this ASN a priority investigation target. Full BGPView / RIPE lookup of AS59753's prefix announcements is the first step.
Per-prefix listing status for the full 9-block footprint has not been confirmed via direct Spamhaus dataset query. Operator's claim of "we do not hold Spamhaus" applies to their commercial offerings, not necessarily to all blocks in the portfolio.
No Bitcoin or cryptocurrency wallet addresses publicly linked to DEDBROPRO, Vault Dweller OU, or Yehor Minin. No on-chain analysis from TRM Labs, Chainalysis, or Elliptic. Financial flow cannot be traced without this data.
No specific colocation facility or data center in Bulgaria or elsewhere confirmed. Physical infrastructure location beyond IP geolocation remains an open gap across the full 9-block portfolio.
Recent Reporting
Update Pass (29 October 2026)
The maintainer lookup that produced this profile earlier in October 2026 listed three ASNs. On 29 October 2026 the same lookup lists one (AS47105); AS203834 and AS59753 are gone from RIPE. Neither had announced a prefix since June 2025 (AS203834) and November 2022 (AS59753), so the deletions change the registry picture, not the routing picture. The nine IP blocks remain registered to Vault Dweller OU and three of them are announced by third parties under InterLIR lease (AS50053, AS203545, Hostkey AS57043). The ZServers profile now carries this entity in its Section 09 with Tier 1 Confirmed, Tier 2 Credible. The storefront dedbro.pro responds normally behind Cloudflare. [20]
Source Integrity Notes
The underlying research cited the Spamhaus article "Bulletproof hosting to there's a new kid in town" (December 2019) as a source for DEDBROPRO. Follow-on research confirms this article is NOT about DEDBROPRO. The article describes a 2019 BPH operation that rented VPS from legitimate Russian hosting providers (simplecloud.ru, reg.ru, etc.) and used reverse-proxy chains, with DNSpod for DNS. This operation is entirely distinct from DEDBROPRO's model (owned ASN, direct dedicated server and VPS sales). The 2019 article does not mention DEDBROPRO, dedbro.pro, AS203834, or Vault Dweller OU. It is cited here for context but should not be attributed to DEDBROPRO as a source.
An earlier version of this profile (June 2026) flagged references to "AS47105 dedbropro" as a likely data quality error, based on BGP lookup showing 195.82.146.0/24 advertised via AS203834. October 2026 RIPE maintainer inverse lookup confirms this assessment was incorrect: AS47105 (as-vd) is a legitimate Vault Dweller OU autonomous system registered to ORG-VDO2-RIPE, created 2008-04-28, controlled under the same MNT-VLTDWELLER credential. Sources that attributed IPs in the 195.82.146.x space to AS47105 were reflecting a genuine historical routing relationship, not bad data. The initial error callout in this profile is hereby retracted. [17]
Open-Source Researcher Disclosure
The most specific recent open-source reporting on DEDBROPRO beyond abuse.ch feeds is a May 2025 X post by researcher @drb_ra disclosing Remcos C2 infrastructure on DEDBROPRO-AS at 195.82.147.97:443. This is a single-source disclosure tagged as unverified in ThreatFox. No major security vendor has published a formal technical report or blog post on DEDBROPRO as of June 2026. The provider remains below the attention threshold of mainstream threat intelligence publication cycles. [6]